Introduction.
The source of life on the planet Earth is about to be exhausted. People’s carelessness and ignorance had been the cause of water overconsumption. Now that people are communicating globally and have more technology, there are ways to educate people and teach that water is running out and there are ways to stop the wasteful use of water around the world.
After many years of constantly using water, people are finishing wells, lakes and rivers.
Water constitutes an indispensable element for the development of life and human activities. Humanity across time has required more and more water to realize daily activities.
Consumption is not the only problem; also pollution is a big problem people have to deal with. Although this problem has been reduced by improvement in education, people still pollute water. Water pollution is divided in two categories: Point Source and non-point source, the non-point source pollution being the most problematic.
The consequences of polluted water are seen in the human body through digestive and stomach diseases, cancer, heart diseases, and also problems outside the body. These diseases are cause by polluted water with pathogens, viruses, bacteria, and industrial wastes. These kinds of problems are usually non-point source pollution.
Pollution not only affects human life, it also affects flora and fauna inside and outside water bodies. It also affects the food chain extinguishing species of algae, fish, crustaceans and whales. Corals are delicate ecosystems where several species of animals live. There are some campaigns and precautions in beaches to protect corals.
Humans are responsible for what is happening with water, so each time humans plan new ways to save life’s greatest resource, one of many solutions that man has is water treatment by machines and chemicals that are not too harmful to health.
Other solutions include tanks and sewage deposits, which help in the process of decontamination of water. If the people start taking care of water, the next generation may have a better future being able to enjoy this vital liquid.
Monday, June 14, 2010
efe++
. Effects of petroleum Spills at sea
The petroleum has many uses in social rifest, but when it is spilled at sea is a dangerous
problem for the aquatic life.
Petroleum it is very useful for humans but it represents a threat for sea life.
The petroleum is also called crude oil is a very useful substance. People use it to make
plastic, wheels; it is used as fuel, it is even, used in medicines. It has become an
indispensable substance for humans. Unfortunately, petroleum causes pollution in water,
in air, and in the ground. It is a very dangerous substance when it spilled at sea. The oil
spills that are in sea pollute the groundwater, damage the vegetation and the wildlife.
A lot of tanker ships accidents damage the environment and have killed many avian and
marine species. The most affected when oil spills form in the sea are the birds because the
oil damages their feathers and they can accidently ingest the petroleum while they try to
clean themselves. Less than the half of the birds arrive alive to the coast, the others
disappear at sea or are drowned because they can’t fly. Also, whales and dolphins are in
danger because the oil spreads some chemicals in the water that attracts them to the oil
spill and put them at risk of death.
When an oil spill occurs it takes at least three years for the ecosystem to recover. In other
cases that have more vegetation, is not that easy, they need a minimum of
10 years for recover from an oil spill.
CONCLUSION.
Petroleum is very useful for the people, but humans are not cautious enough when they extract it and they put sea life and the entire environment in danger.
http://www.amsa.gov.au/marine_environment_protection/educational_resources_and_information/teachers/the_effects_of_oil_on_wildlife.asp
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum#Environmental_effects
http://www.goodplanet.info/goodplanet/index.php/eng/Pollution/Oceans/Sea-pollution/(theme)/1913
http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energy.cfm?page=oil_home-basics
The petroleum has many uses in social rifest, but when it is spilled at sea is a dangerous
problem for the aquatic life.
Petroleum it is very useful for humans but it represents a threat for sea life.
The petroleum is also called crude oil is a very useful substance. People use it to make
plastic, wheels; it is used as fuel, it is even, used in medicines. It has become an
indispensable substance for humans. Unfortunately, petroleum causes pollution in water,
in air, and in the ground. It is a very dangerous substance when it spilled at sea. The oil
spills that are in sea pollute the groundwater, damage the vegetation and the wildlife.
A lot of tanker ships accidents damage the environment and have killed many avian and
marine species. The most affected when oil spills form in the sea are the birds because the
oil damages their feathers and they can accidently ingest the petroleum while they try to
clean themselves. Less than the half of the birds arrive alive to the coast, the others
disappear at sea or are drowned because they can’t fly. Also, whales and dolphins are in
danger because the oil spreads some chemicals in the water that attracts them to the oil
spill and put them at risk of death.
When an oil spill occurs it takes at least three years for the ecosystem to recover. In other
cases that have more vegetation, is not that easy, they need a minimum of
10 years for recover from an oil spill.
CONCLUSION.
Petroleum is very useful for the people, but humans are not cautious enough when they extract it and they put sea life and the entire environment in danger.
http://www.amsa.gov.au/marine_environment_protection/educational_resources_and_information/teachers/the_effects_of_oil_on_wildlife.asp
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum#Environmental_effects
http://www.goodplanet.info/goodplanet/index.php/eng/Pollution/Oceans/Sea-pollution/(theme)/1913
http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energy.cfm?page=oil_home-basics
Sunday, June 6, 2010
Non Point Source Juan Pablo Gonzalez
As its name implies, non point source is pollution with no source. This means that pollutants can combine because of runoffs, floods, and drainage. A theorical definition is given in Section 502(14) of the Clean Water Act:
“The term "point source" means any discernible, confined and discrete conveyance, including but not limited to any pipe, ditch, channel, tunnel, conduit, well, discrete fissure, container, rolling stock, concentrated animal feeding operation, or vessel or other floating craft, from which pollutants are or may be discharged. This term does not include agricultural storm water discharges and return flows from irrigated agriculture.”
There are two types of categories in which the source of water pollution can be divided: non point source and point source. Non point source pollution is harder to control because it has no specific solution; it may vary depending on which pollutants are within the water or where the polluted water is found. Point source pollution is easier to address because the problem is easier to locate, like when a factory is polluting a lake.
“States report that nonpoint source pollution is the leading remaining cause of water quality problems.”
The non point source categories are:
· Abandoned Mine drainage
· Agriculture
· Forestry
· Hidromodification and habitat alteration
· Marinas and boating
· Roads, highways and bridges
· Urban areas
· Low impact development
· Wetland and riparian management
There are 4 principal types of non point source pollutants:
Sediment: Sediment makes water have no clarity. The lack of clarity blocks light, causing problems to the plants. Without light, photosynthesis is not possible and as a result of the damage to plant life, fish habitats are negatively affected.
Phosphorus: It is the most important element in fertilizers. It goes directly to algae causing hypoxia. It is attached to water bodies via soil erosion.
Nitrogen: Also an important element in fertilizers. It is also transported through soil as nitrate and cause hypoxia.
Pathogens: All organic elements that can cause diseases.
Non-Point source is the most important type of water pollution to face nowadays. The water pollution problem is getting worse because of this type of pollution. This is because it is not only one problem, there are a lot of pollution issues combined.
1. - http://www.epa.gov/OWOW/NPS/whatis.html
2. - http://www.epa.gov/owow/nps/categories.html3. - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonpoint_source_pollution
“The term "point source" means any discernible, confined and discrete conveyance, including but not limited to any pipe, ditch, channel, tunnel, conduit, well, discrete fissure, container, rolling stock, concentrated animal feeding operation, or vessel or other floating craft, from which pollutants are or may be discharged. This term does not include agricultural storm water discharges and return flows from irrigated agriculture.”
There are two types of categories in which the source of water pollution can be divided: non point source and point source. Non point source pollution is harder to control because it has no specific solution; it may vary depending on which pollutants are within the water or where the polluted water is found. Point source pollution is easier to address because the problem is easier to locate, like when a factory is polluting a lake.
“States report that nonpoint source pollution is the leading remaining cause of water quality problems.”
The non point source categories are:
· Abandoned Mine drainage
· Agriculture
· Forestry
· Hidromodification and habitat alteration
· Marinas and boating
· Roads, highways and bridges
· Urban areas
· Low impact development
· Wetland and riparian management
There are 4 principal types of non point source pollutants:
Sediment: Sediment makes water have no clarity. The lack of clarity blocks light, causing problems to the plants. Without light, photosynthesis is not possible and as a result of the damage to plant life, fish habitats are negatively affected.
Phosphorus: It is the most important element in fertilizers. It goes directly to algae causing hypoxia. It is attached to water bodies via soil erosion.
Nitrogen: Also an important element in fertilizers. It is also transported through soil as nitrate and cause hypoxia.
Pathogens: All organic elements that can cause diseases.
Non-Point source is the most important type of water pollution to face nowadays. The water pollution problem is getting worse because of this type of pollution. This is because it is not only one problem, there are a lot of pollution issues combined.
1. - http://www.epa.gov/OWOW/NPS/whatis.html
2. - http://www.epa.gov/owow/nps/categories.html3. - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonpoint_source_pollution
Ways to avoid water pollution CINTHIA ROMAN
Ways to avoid water pollution.
The first things to know in order to avoid contaminating the water are the causes of water pollution..
People need to use water everyday in industries as well as homes. Human beings get this water from groundwater sources, rivers, and lakes. Using it, water is often contaminated. Most of the polluted water goes back into the rivers, lakes, and oceans.
Water is a very important resource for our life, as the studies made it in all the project of water pollution, human beings need more than 20% of the water has on the body to stay alive. Water is used to perform daily tasks, like cleaning the house, cooking food, bathing and washing the car. In Mexico daily use varies from 60-70 gallons per day per home.
In every household, more water is needed in the preparation and cooking of food, in bathing, in cleaning the house, and in other matters. It is assessed that around seventy gallons of water daily is consumed for household chores. Link 1
The water also provides comfort in our homes. It give us the ability to keep homes clean, the ability to cook, and the ability of drink water daily. Water also provides electric power. The energy created by water is called hydroelectric power. It is very necessary for water to be in homes for people to live comfortably.
Water is also necessary for industries to produce many products such as paper and cars. Water is also used to produce canned vegetables and to clean the fish, meat, and fruit.
There are many things people can do to reduce their contaminations of water:
• Don't use herbicides and pesticides in your garden: Herbicides are very dangerous and harmful because of chemical that is produced or manufactured, these chemicals are harmful to both human as well as for the water that grass and other flowers are watered. We recommend using herbicides and pesticides moderately green. Try using natural fertilizers and pesticides as much as possible, or if not, do not overuse non-natural products or over-water gardens and lawns.
• Compost kitchen waste instead of using the garbage disposal in your kitchen sink: The garbage goes immediately to the disposal of the water, polluting all the water with food and cooking oils.
• Fix oil leaks in your car: Is important fixed the oil because this pollutes the streets or the air, polluting the potable water.
• Don't let car wash water run into the street: It is very important to use buckets of water to wash the cars, in case of hoses water use increases much more because it takes more to wash.
• Also, actively conserve water by turning the tap off when you do not need running water, such as while brushing teeth. Apart from preventing water shortages, it lessens the amount of water that needs to be treated.
• Toxic products like paints, automobile oil, polishes, and cleaning products should be stored and disposed of properly: avoid keeping them near water either sinks or other things, because removing this type of contamination such as oils, cleaning products can not remove them from the composition of water due to chemicals that are composed of these products
The disposal of sewage is a major problem in developing countries where there isn’t adequate sanitation in large areas, thus carrying disease causing bacteria and viruses into sources of water. In countries that are developed, people often flush pharmaceutical and chemical products into their toilet.
Nuclear waste, atmospheric deposition, and underground storage leakages are some of the other causes of water pollution.
Is very important to keep the water clean and drinkable for future generations, because without water, man is nothing. Remember that water is not an inheritance to our children, is rather a loan from them, we must be responsible and think about future generations, and that 60% of water in the soil is salty, and with it you can not perform work in industries much less drink it, take care of the little and potable water that we have, be responsible for a better world.
1-http://socyberty.com/activism/proper-ways-to-avoid-water-pollution-measures-on-saving-water-and-preventing-water-wastage/
The first things to know in order to avoid contaminating the water are the causes of water pollution..
People need to use water everyday in industries as well as homes. Human beings get this water from groundwater sources, rivers, and lakes. Using it, water is often contaminated. Most of the polluted water goes back into the rivers, lakes, and oceans.
Water is a very important resource for our life, as the studies made it in all the project of water pollution, human beings need more than 20% of the water has on the body to stay alive. Water is used to perform daily tasks, like cleaning the house, cooking food, bathing and washing the car. In Mexico daily use varies from 60-70 gallons per day per home.
In every household, more water is needed in the preparation and cooking of food, in bathing, in cleaning the house, and in other matters. It is assessed that around seventy gallons of water daily is consumed for household chores. Link 1
The water also provides comfort in our homes. It give us the ability to keep homes clean, the ability to cook, and the ability of drink water daily. Water also provides electric power. The energy created by water is called hydroelectric power. It is very necessary for water to be in homes for people to live comfortably.
Water is also necessary for industries to produce many products such as paper and cars. Water is also used to produce canned vegetables and to clean the fish, meat, and fruit.
There are many things people can do to reduce their contaminations of water:
• Don't use herbicides and pesticides in your garden: Herbicides are very dangerous and harmful because of chemical that is produced or manufactured, these chemicals are harmful to both human as well as for the water that grass and other flowers are watered. We recommend using herbicides and pesticides moderately green. Try using natural fertilizers and pesticides as much as possible, or if not, do not overuse non-natural products or over-water gardens and lawns.
• Compost kitchen waste instead of using the garbage disposal in your kitchen sink: The garbage goes immediately to the disposal of the water, polluting all the water with food and cooking oils.
• Fix oil leaks in your car: Is important fixed the oil because this pollutes the streets or the air, polluting the potable water.
• Don't let car wash water run into the street: It is very important to use buckets of water to wash the cars, in case of hoses water use increases much more because it takes more to wash.
• Also, actively conserve water by turning the tap off when you do not need running water, such as while brushing teeth. Apart from preventing water shortages, it lessens the amount of water that needs to be treated.
• Toxic products like paints, automobile oil, polishes, and cleaning products should be stored and disposed of properly: avoid keeping them near water either sinks or other things, because removing this type of contamination such as oils, cleaning products can not remove them from the composition of water due to chemicals that are composed of these products
The disposal of sewage is a major problem in developing countries where there isn’t adequate sanitation in large areas, thus carrying disease causing bacteria and viruses into sources of water. In countries that are developed, people often flush pharmaceutical and chemical products into their toilet.
Nuclear waste, atmospheric deposition, and underground storage leakages are some of the other causes of water pollution.
Is very important to keep the water clean and drinkable for future generations, because without water, man is nothing. Remember that water is not an inheritance to our children, is rather a loan from them, we must be responsible and think about future generations, and that 60% of water in the soil is salty, and with it you can not perform work in industries much less drink it, take care of the little and potable water that we have, be responsible for a better world.
1-http://socyberty.com/activism/proper-ways-to-avoid-water-pollution-measures-on-saving-water-and-preventing-water-wastage/
Wednesday, May 5, 2010
Health Problems Due To Water Pollution
Health problems due to water pollution happen more often than many people think. This is because people need to drink water every day, so it is a great problem when water is polluted and people already have consumed it. It could cause a great variety of diseases (of course, some are worse than others). There are a lot of contaminants that can pollute water.
“EPA has set standards for more than 80 contaminants that may occur in drinking water and pose a risk to human health.” Link 1 Page 2
Like in every product, water has a quality or purity standard, etc. Associations such as EPA work hard to maintain that quality or standard. Also associations prevent people from using the polluted water by using media, like radio, television, newspapers and announcements to warn the public of the danger. Actually, it is easier to face these kind of problems now that people are more connected and also have technology that allows them to examine water.
People present symptoms time later the contact with the polluted water has occurred. As it could affect inside the body, it could also affect skin or eyes for example. Sometimes, the organism can protect the body against the bacteria or the germs in the water; this depends directly with the higher the levels of pollution are. The most dangerous effects occur after years of having contact or drinking water, these are called chronic effects.
“The drinking water contaminants that can have chronic effects are chemicals (such as disinfection by-products, solvents, and pesticides), radionuclides (such as radium), and minerals (such as arsenic). Examples of the chronic effects of drinking water contaminants are cancer, liver or kidney problems, or reproductive difficulties.”Link 2 Page 2
Nowadays, it is more frequent to talk about metals that are dissolved in water, like arsenic (that is a semi-metal element in the periodic table). This happens because of the extraction of water from under the earth, which would not be necessary if all the water near the surface wasn’t already consumed. These metals, after years of exposure, cause chronic effects because the metals affect the cells directly making them mutate. The problem to face in Torreon is the decrease of water in the aquifers causing the extraction of metals like arsenic at the bottom of the aquifers
The quality of water varies from place to place. It is always different, like from where the water is extracted, or what pollutants were found in that water.
“The United States has one of the safest water supplies in the world.” Link 3 Page 2
Companies that work in the treatment of water like SIMAS and SIDEAPA should have to report on the treatment of their water.
Bibliography
1. http://www.epa.gov/ogwdw/dwh/health.html
2. http://www.epa.gov/waterscience/criteria/humanhealth/
3. http://www.epa.gov/safewater/dwh/index.html
“EPA has set standards for more than 80 contaminants that may occur in drinking water and pose a risk to human health.” Link 1 Page 2
Like in every product, water has a quality or purity standard, etc. Associations such as EPA work hard to maintain that quality or standard. Also associations prevent people from using the polluted water by using media, like radio, television, newspapers and announcements to warn the public of the danger. Actually, it is easier to face these kind of problems now that people are more connected and also have technology that allows them to examine water.
People present symptoms time later the contact with the polluted water has occurred. As it could affect inside the body, it could also affect skin or eyes for example. Sometimes, the organism can protect the body against the bacteria or the germs in the water; this depends directly with the higher the levels of pollution are. The most dangerous effects occur after years of having contact or drinking water, these are called chronic effects.
“The drinking water contaminants that can have chronic effects are chemicals (such as disinfection by-products, solvents, and pesticides), radionuclides (such as radium), and minerals (such as arsenic). Examples of the chronic effects of drinking water contaminants are cancer, liver or kidney problems, or reproductive difficulties.”Link 2 Page 2
Nowadays, it is more frequent to talk about metals that are dissolved in water, like arsenic (that is a semi-metal element in the periodic table). This happens because of the extraction of water from under the earth, which would not be necessary if all the water near the surface wasn’t already consumed. These metals, after years of exposure, cause chronic effects because the metals affect the cells directly making them mutate. The problem to face in Torreon is the decrease of water in the aquifers causing the extraction of metals like arsenic at the bottom of the aquifers
The quality of water varies from place to place. It is always different, like from where the water is extracted, or what pollutants were found in that water.
“The United States has one of the safest water supplies in the world.” Link 3 Page 2
Companies that work in the treatment of water like SIMAS and SIDEAPA should have to report on the treatment of their water.
Bibliography
1. http://www.epa.gov/ogwdw/dwh/health.html
2. http://www.epa.gov/waterscience/criteria/humanhealth/
3. http://www.epa.gov/safewater/dwh/index.html
Causes of water pollution by: ileana flores
There are many causes for the contamination of water and just as many consequences for human life.
• INORGANIC LEFTOVERS THAT POLLUTE WATER.
The waste containing chemical or man-made chemicals that were spilled on any body of water, that could be a river, lake or ocean is called inorganic waste. Among the most common pollutants found in water are wastes that are discharged by large industries, others by drainage, heavy metals, industrial products, etc. All this is generated by humans.
“Acidity caused by industrial discharges (especially sulfur dioxide from power plants), Ammonia from food processing waste, Chemical waste as industrial by-products, fertilizers containing nutrients--nitrates and phosphates--which are found in stormwater runoff from agriculture, as well as commercial and residential use, heavy metals from motor vehicles (via urban stormwater runoff) and acid mine drainage, silt (sediment) in runoff from construction sites, logging, slash and burn practices or land clearing sites.” (Link 1, page 6)
Some of this wastes that contains oil form oil spoils in water that may also kill sea life and contaminate aliments that are irrigated with polluted. It is impossible to say which of the causes of inorganic water pollution are most dangerous, all of them are dangerous in short and long term, but it’s easy to mention the major sources of water pollution. “The major sources of water pollution are as described below. Discharge of contaminated and/or heated water that has been used for industrial purposes. The surface runoff that contains spilled petroleum products. The surface runoff from farms, construction sites or other impervious surfaces. The improper disposal of solid wastes like littering on a localized scale. Addition of excessive nutrients by runoff containing detergents or fertilizers called as eutrophication. The geology of aquifers where groundwater is abstracted. Maltreated sewage discharged in a wrong manner. Slash and burn farming practice is a component in shifting cultivation agricultural systems. Radioactive substances from nuclear power plants and industrial, medical and scientific use are also contributive. Uranium and thorium mining and refining are some of the examples. Heat is a leading cause as it results in the death of several aquatic organisms. A discharge of cooling water by factories and power plants lowers the temperature of the water bodies. Oil pollution is very harmful for coastal wildlife. Oil spreads on huge areas to form oil slicks. If there are trials to sink the oil or chemically treat it, the marine and beach ecosystems may be further disrupted.” (LINK 2, page 1)
The contamination produced by inorganic wastes are dangerous because they are substances composed of chemicals harmful to living beings like humans, animals, and even plants. Such chemicals that may cause a lot of health problems.
LINK 1
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pollution#Causes_of_water_pollution
LINK 2
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/causes-of-water-pollution.html
LINK 3
http://www.cyber-nook.com/water/contam.html
• INORGANIC LEFTOVERS THAT POLLUTE WATER.
The waste containing chemical or man-made chemicals that were spilled on any body of water, that could be a river, lake or ocean is called inorganic waste. Among the most common pollutants found in water are wastes that are discharged by large industries, others by drainage, heavy metals, industrial products, etc. All this is generated by humans.
“Acidity caused by industrial discharges (especially sulfur dioxide from power plants), Ammonia from food processing waste, Chemical waste as industrial by-products, fertilizers containing nutrients--nitrates and phosphates--which are found in stormwater runoff from agriculture, as well as commercial and residential use, heavy metals from motor vehicles (via urban stormwater runoff) and acid mine drainage, silt (sediment) in runoff from construction sites, logging, slash and burn practices or land clearing sites.” (Link 1, page 6)
Some of this wastes that contains oil form oil spoils in water that may also kill sea life and contaminate aliments that are irrigated with polluted. It is impossible to say which of the causes of inorganic water pollution are most dangerous, all of them are dangerous in short and long term, but it’s easy to mention the major sources of water pollution. “The major sources of water pollution are as described below. Discharge of contaminated and/or heated water that has been used for industrial purposes. The surface runoff that contains spilled petroleum products. The surface runoff from farms, construction sites or other impervious surfaces. The improper disposal of solid wastes like littering on a localized scale. Addition of excessive nutrients by runoff containing detergents or fertilizers called as eutrophication. The geology of aquifers where groundwater is abstracted. Maltreated sewage discharged in a wrong manner. Slash and burn farming practice is a component in shifting cultivation agricultural systems. Radioactive substances from nuclear power plants and industrial, medical and scientific use are also contributive. Uranium and thorium mining and refining are some of the examples. Heat is a leading cause as it results in the death of several aquatic organisms. A discharge of cooling water by factories and power plants lowers the temperature of the water bodies. Oil pollution is very harmful for coastal wildlife. Oil spreads on huge areas to form oil slicks. If there are trials to sink the oil or chemically treat it, the marine and beach ecosystems may be further disrupted.” (LINK 2, page 1)
The contamination produced by inorganic wastes are dangerous because they are substances composed of chemicals harmful to living beings like humans, animals, and even plants. Such chemicals that may cause a lot of health problems.
LINK 1
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pollution#Causes_of_water_pollution
LINK 2
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/causes-of-water-pollution.html
LINK 3
http://www.cyber-nook.com/water/contam.html
Corals Affected By Pollution
A coral reefs is one of the most beautiful ecosystems in Earth, within them, are many kinds of fish, crustaceans, and algae. Also, coral reefs are fragile and are nonrenewable, if they are destroyed, life in coast and beach will be severely affected. Coral reefs have a special temperature, salinity, and Ph. Corals are animals. They eat planktonik animals and small fishes
“Corals themselves are tiny animals which belong to the group cnidaria (the "c" is silent). Other cnidarians include hydras, jellyfish, and sea anemones. Corals are sessile animals, meaning they are not mobile but stay fixed in one place. They feed by reaching out with tentacles to catch prey such as small fish and planktonik animals.”Link #1 Page 2.
Corals are the home of many species, like shrimps, clams, sponges, mollusks, and star fish. If corals are destroyed, the species also are destroyed, and bigger animals dies of staring, all of these thanks to the food chain.
These reefs are called the rainforests of the ocean because of their diversity in flora and fauna.
Corals have a direct relationship with an alga called zooxanthellae. These algae live inside the coral, protecting the algae and allowing the algae to realize photosynthesis, the food produced by the plant is shared with the coral.
“Coral bleaching occurs when corals lose their zooxanthellae, exposing the white calcium carbonate skeletons of the coral colony. There are a number of stresses or environmental changes that may cause bleaching including disease, excess shade, increased levels of ultraviolet radiation, sedimentation, pollution, salinity changes, and increased temperatures.”Link # 2 Page 2
These algae need light from the sun to perform photosynthesis, if not, corals destruction occurs. That’s why oil spills affect algae. Affect the food chain killing the whole species.
“Protection of coral reefs depends on careful vessel management to avoid hitting the reef, reducing nearby outfalls and runoff, and careful tourists who respect the delicate communities”. Link 2 Page 2
1. - http://www.epa.gov/bioiweb1/coral/index.html
2. - http://www.epa.gov/OWOW/oceans/coral/index.html
“Corals themselves are tiny animals which belong to the group cnidaria (the "c" is silent). Other cnidarians include hydras, jellyfish, and sea anemones. Corals are sessile animals, meaning they are not mobile but stay fixed in one place. They feed by reaching out with tentacles to catch prey such as small fish and planktonik animals.”Link #1 Page 2.
Corals are the home of many species, like shrimps, clams, sponges, mollusks, and star fish. If corals are destroyed, the species also are destroyed, and bigger animals dies of staring, all of these thanks to the food chain.
These reefs are called the rainforests of the ocean because of their diversity in flora and fauna.
Corals have a direct relationship with an alga called zooxanthellae. These algae live inside the coral, protecting the algae and allowing the algae to realize photosynthesis, the food produced by the plant is shared with the coral.
“Coral bleaching occurs when corals lose their zooxanthellae, exposing the white calcium carbonate skeletons of the coral colony. There are a number of stresses or environmental changes that may cause bleaching including disease, excess shade, increased levels of ultraviolet radiation, sedimentation, pollution, salinity changes, and increased temperatures.”Link # 2 Page 2
These algae need light from the sun to perform photosynthesis, if not, corals destruction occurs. That’s why oil spills affect algae. Affect the food chain killing the whole species.
“Protection of coral reefs depends on careful vessel management to avoid hitting the reef, reducing nearby outfalls and runoff, and careful tourists who respect the delicate communities”. Link 2 Page 2
1. - http://www.epa.gov/bioiweb1/coral/index.html
2. - http://www.epa.gov/OWOW/oceans/coral/index.html
Causes of water pollution By : Ileana Flores
III. CAUSES OF WATER POLLUTION.
B. Pathogens in water.
Pathogens are infectious agents that cause diseases in people and other living beings, they are
commonly found in water.
Infectious pathogens in water affect the health of millions of humans around the world.
There are too many people that are exposed to the risks of drinking polluted water. Polluted water
contains pathogens that cause bad reactions in people producing several diseases.
Sadly, the number of people that are affected by these pathogens is increasing a lot in recent
years, possibly because of scarcity of potable water that is appearing in some places around the
world. People that are in this situation have to get water and they do not care what they have to do.
Most of the time the water that they get isn’t potable, and contains a lot of pathogens that damage
their bodies and cause diseases that some times might be mortal. People can even get infected by
a eating a fish that was living in polluted water. Such fish contain pathogen agents that will transfer
to humans at the moment that they eat the fish. That is why it is very important to clean carefully all
the things that we eat.
The diseases caused by pathogens are basically reflected in the intestines and in the stomach.
Most of the time the diseases caused by pathogens have very mild symptoms at first, like
diarrhea, fever, and dehydration. If these symptoms are not attended by a doctor and
medicated, they get worse and it is then when they can be mortal to the person that is infected by a
pathogen agent. There have been several cases in which people infected by pathogens
found in water have died because of dehydration. “According to the World Health Organization,
diarrheal disease accounts for an estimated 4.1% of the total DALY global burden of disease and
is responsible for the deaths of 1.8 million people every year. It was estimated that 88% of that
burden is attributable to unsafe water, sanitation, and hygiene, and is mostly
concentrated in children in developing countries” (LINK 3, page 1)
Some of the moral diseases that are cause by pathogens are: cholera, dysentery, and
poliomyelitis. Other of the diseases like tifus, gastroenteritis, hepatitis, amebic dysentery.
Schistosomiasis worms might be serious but not mortal, they are controllable diseases.
Cholera
Spread by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae
Drinking water contaminated with the bacterium In severe forms it is known to be one of the most rapidly fatal illnesses known. Symptoms include very watery diarrhoea, nausea, cramps, nosebleed, rapid pulse, vomiting, and hypovolemic shock (in severe cases), at which point death can occur in 12–18 hours.
Dysentery
Caused by a number of species in the genera Shigella and Salmonella with the most common being Shigella dysenteriae
Water contaminated with the bacterium Frequent passage of feces with blood and/or mucus and in some cases vomiting of blood.
Polyomavirus infection
Two of Polyomavirus: JC virus and BK virus
Very widespread, can manifest itself in water, ~80% of the population has antibodies to Polyomavirus BK virus produces a mild respiratory infection and can infect the kidneys of immunosuppressed transplant patients. JC virus infects the respiratory system, kidneys or can cause progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in the brain (which is fatal).
( LINK 3, page 2,3,4,5)
LINK 1
http://www.minnehahacreek.org/pathogens.php
LINK 2
http://www.waterhealthconnection.org/
LINK 3
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterborne_diseases
B. Pathogens in water.
Pathogens are infectious agents that cause diseases in people and other living beings, they are
commonly found in water.
Infectious pathogens in water affect the health of millions of humans around the world.
There are too many people that are exposed to the risks of drinking polluted water. Polluted water
contains pathogens that cause bad reactions in people producing several diseases.
Sadly, the number of people that are affected by these pathogens is increasing a lot in recent
years, possibly because of scarcity of potable water that is appearing in some places around the
world. People that are in this situation have to get water and they do not care what they have to do.
Most of the time the water that they get isn’t potable, and contains a lot of pathogens that damage
their bodies and cause diseases that some times might be mortal. People can even get infected by
a eating a fish that was living in polluted water. Such fish contain pathogen agents that will transfer
to humans at the moment that they eat the fish. That is why it is very important to clean carefully all
the things that we eat.
The diseases caused by pathogens are basically reflected in the intestines and in the stomach.
Most of the time the diseases caused by pathogens have very mild symptoms at first, like
diarrhea, fever, and dehydration. If these symptoms are not attended by a doctor and
medicated, they get worse and it is then when they can be mortal to the person that is infected by a
pathogen agent. There have been several cases in which people infected by pathogens
found in water have died because of dehydration. “According to the World Health Organization,
diarrheal disease accounts for an estimated 4.1% of the total DALY global burden of disease and
is responsible for the deaths of 1.8 million people every year. It was estimated that 88% of that
burden is attributable to unsafe water, sanitation, and hygiene, and is mostly
concentrated in children in developing countries” (LINK 3, page 1)
Some of the moral diseases that are cause by pathogens are: cholera, dysentery, and
poliomyelitis. Other of the diseases like tifus, gastroenteritis, hepatitis, amebic dysentery.
Schistosomiasis worms might be serious but not mortal, they are controllable diseases.
Cholera
Spread by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae
Drinking water contaminated with the bacterium In severe forms it is known to be one of the most rapidly fatal illnesses known. Symptoms include very watery diarrhoea, nausea, cramps, nosebleed, rapid pulse, vomiting, and hypovolemic shock (in severe cases), at which point death can occur in 12–18 hours.
Dysentery
Caused by a number of species in the genera Shigella and Salmonella with the most common being Shigella dysenteriae
Water contaminated with the bacterium Frequent passage of feces with blood and/or mucus and in some cases vomiting of blood.
Polyomavirus infection
Two of Polyomavirus: JC virus and BK virus
Very widespread, can manifest itself in water, ~80% of the population has antibodies to Polyomavirus BK virus produces a mild respiratory infection and can infect the kidneys of immunosuppressed transplant patients. JC virus infects the respiratory system, kidneys or can cause progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in the brain (which is fatal).
( LINK 3, page 2,3,4,5)
LINK 1
http://www.minnehahacreek.org/pathogens.php
LINK 2
http://www.waterhealthconnection.org/
LINK 3
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterborne_diseases
The Septic Tanks
THE SEPTIC TANKS
Septic tanks are a common kind of water detoxification, this article explains how a septic tank works, its capacities, and how septic tanks help humanity. Because we depend on water, it is very important to know about how water is treated, when it is possible drink it, and where water comes from.
The first thing that is important to know about the treatment of water, in this case the treatment by septic tanks, the capacities a septic tank has to detoxificate the water.
The exact function of a septic tank.
A sewerage drain field and a septic tank make up a small scale sewage treatment system.
The septic tank is basically a rectangular shaped underground for container wastewater. It is made of concrete and consists of little tanks that are divided in chambers. In other times the septic tanks were constructed of other types of materials.
The first chamber has double of volume of the second chamber, in the second chamber is where whole organic solid matter, such as sludge, settles.
The second chamber just purifies the wastewater.
Septic tanks collect wastewater from toilets, showers, sinks. Some of the collected wastewater stays down on the tanks floor. Particles are stabilized and are cleaned from the bottom of the tank. Some other particles stay settled, and some others may float at the top.
A septic tank should be constructed such that there is a maximum contact with the microorganisms, so the septic tank so can be enable to eliminate the sludge particles. The elimination of polluted particles is achieved by the overflow.
To maintain the production and the filtration of the septic tank, it is very important to take care not to throw garbage into the water, otherwise the septic tank could be damaged permanently.
The semi-purified water moves to the second chamber via the overflows that are constructed so that the upward motion of the water prevents the larger particles from moving to the second chamber. The treatment of the organic material continues in the second chamber.
The retention time in the second chamber is half that of the first chamber the water does not flow with larger particles of organic material, so the treatment process is done in less time than in the other chamber.
The rate of sludge generation in septic tanks is around 0.05 cubic yard every year for a person. Septic tanks need to be cleaned or emptied every few years so that there is enough reaction space for the microorganisms attack the wastewater.
The septic tank may be emptied every 5-7 years depending upon the amount of wastewater it processes. The tank is emptied using an “exhauster truck” that is coperated by professional personnel. Sludge removal helps clean the septic tank, ensure its proper use and treatment. The sludge that is removed from of the septic tank is deposited in water treatment plants, sanitary landfills, or sludge drying beds.
Septic tanks are common in communities that are far away from the cities. Septic tanks are common these areas because the have no connection to main sewage pipes provided by local governments or private corporations.
Septic Tanks are a good way of cleaning water, but they only are is necessary in those areas that do not have a connection to a center of purification.
The importance that society cares more about people who need to receive purified water, water being the ma simportante resource, we should take care on which we depend. Septic tanks are in common use in the city, but in the fields and isolated regions, is the only option they have to disinfect water.
1-http://www.johnstonsmith.co.uk/fact4.html#septic
2-http://www.csgwasteman.co.uk/Domestic/Learn/howSepticTanksWork.aspx
3-http://www.johnstonsmith.co.uk/fact4.html#septic
Septic tanks are a common kind of water detoxification, this article explains how a septic tank works, its capacities, and how septic tanks help humanity. Because we depend on water, it is very important to know about how water is treated, when it is possible drink it, and where water comes from.
The first thing that is important to know about the treatment of water, in this case the treatment by septic tanks, the capacities a septic tank has to detoxificate the water.
The exact function of a septic tank.
A sewerage drain field and a septic tank make up a small scale sewage treatment system.
The septic tank is basically a rectangular shaped underground for container wastewater. It is made of concrete and consists of little tanks that are divided in chambers. In other times the septic tanks were constructed of other types of materials.
The first chamber has double of volume of the second chamber, in the second chamber is where whole organic solid matter, such as sludge, settles.
The second chamber just purifies the wastewater.
Septic tanks collect wastewater from toilets, showers, sinks. Some of the collected wastewater stays down on the tanks floor. Particles are stabilized and are cleaned from the bottom of the tank. Some other particles stay settled, and some others may float at the top.
A septic tank should be constructed such that there is a maximum contact with the microorganisms, so the septic tank so can be enable to eliminate the sludge particles. The elimination of polluted particles is achieved by the overflow.
To maintain the production and the filtration of the septic tank, it is very important to take care not to throw garbage into the water, otherwise the septic tank could be damaged permanently.
The semi-purified water moves to the second chamber via the overflows that are constructed so that the upward motion of the water prevents the larger particles from moving to the second chamber. The treatment of the organic material continues in the second chamber.
The retention time in the second chamber is half that of the first chamber the water does not flow with larger particles of organic material, so the treatment process is done in less time than in the other chamber.
The rate of sludge generation in septic tanks is around 0.05 cubic yard every year for a person. Septic tanks need to be cleaned or emptied every few years so that there is enough reaction space for the microorganisms attack the wastewater.
The septic tank may be emptied every 5-7 years depending upon the amount of wastewater it processes. The tank is emptied using an “exhauster truck” that is coperated by professional personnel. Sludge removal helps clean the septic tank, ensure its proper use and treatment. The sludge that is removed from of the septic tank is deposited in water treatment plants, sanitary landfills, or sludge drying beds.
Septic tanks are common in communities that are far away from the cities. Septic tanks are common these areas because the have no connection to main sewage pipes provided by local governments or private corporations.
Septic Tanks are a good way of cleaning water, but they only are is necessary in those areas that do not have a connection to a center of purification.
The importance that society cares more about people who need to receive purified water, water being the ma simportante resource, we should take care on which we depend. Septic tanks are in common use in the city, but in the fields and isolated regions, is the only option they have to disinfect water.
1-http://www.johnstonsmith.co.uk/fact4.html#septic
2-http://www.csgwasteman.co.uk/Domestic/Learn/howSepticTanksWork.aspx
3-http://www.johnstonsmith.co.uk/fact4.html#septic
Wednesday, April 28, 2010
1st post The water treatment.
The Water Treatment.
The water treatment is very important for human life, because water is the most important resource. The most dangerous toxins and pollutants are in the water.
If a solution is not found the humanity is going to lose everything
- There are many phases in which the water goes though because to achieve the clarification of the water are important different kinds of chemicals.
The water treatment by industrial machines:
In the industrial machines, the water treatment is a very serious solution.
The water treatment by industrialization goes through 6 phases.
- 1- The elimination of the solids
- 2-The elimination of toxins
- 3-The elimination of biodegradable particles
- 4-the clarification of the water polluted
- 5- the filtration where is removing all the chemical particles of the clarification
- 6-the protective softening is the elimination of toxic particles that are on the other ways of treatment.
In the process treatment of water the filters using have an advantage; the advantage of providing immediate access to drinking water without adding an unpleasant taste. Some of the filters using in the process treatment, adding substances that helps the taste, and also the purification of water such as iodine and other things.
“Some filter manufacturers have added an iodine resin layer to the filter in order to kill any agents passing through the filter stage.” Link1
The humanity are responsible of the water using, because is the only resource humans have to still live, without water humanity will lose everything. Everyday the human being use for different activities the water, for example to wash their hands, teeth’s, to clean the car, etc, and also the human use a lot of water everyday to done their diary works. Is very important to keep the world clean, and also, the lakes, oceans, rivers, because this is the only thing the humanity can exist, without water there is no such thing could survive.
“On the average, each person in the
Sunday, April 4, 2010
polluted water links
Here are the links that were assigned to do in vacations
Cinthia Roman
http://www.hardwater.org/water_treatment.html
Ileana Flores
http://www.umich.edu/~gs265/society/waterpollution.htm
Juan Pablo Gonzalez
http://www.epa.gov/OWOW/oceans/coral/index.html
Cinthia Roman
http://www.hardwater.org/water_treatment.html
Ileana Flores
http://www.umich.edu/~gs265/society/waterpollution.htm
Juan Pablo Gonzalez
http://www.epa.gov/OWOW/oceans/coral/index.html
Thursday, March 11, 2010
grupal outline water pollution
CHEMICAL WATER POLLUTION
I. Introduction
A. Background
B. There are many kinds of pollution; water pollution is the most important.
I. Causes of water pollution
A. The oil spill is one of the most dangerous because it kills thousands of marine life, and even has effects on the environment.
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_spill
2. http://www.water-pollution.org.uk/oilpollution.html
B. The sewage disposal and the waste water are other causes of pollution, the farms, the houses, everything pollutes water this go through the lakes and pollutes the marine life.
1. http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/publichealth/environment/water/wastewater.asp
2. http://www.water-pollution.org.uk/sewageandwastewater.html%20C.%201.%202.
II. Water Pollution Categories.
A. Point Source Pollution.
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pollution
B. Non-point source Pollution.
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pollution
III. Water with toxic wastes cause problems in human beings because it is diary needed.
A. Lead can cause many health problems. It can damage the brain, kidneys, and reproductive system. Lead can also cause birth defects for people. It has been shown to cause low IQ scores, slow growth, and hearing problems for small children. 1.http://library.thinkquest.org/CR0215471/ocean_pollution.htm
B.Many things found in the ocean may cause seafood to be dangerous to human health. The effect on humans from contaminated seafood may include birth defects and nervous system damage. Medical waste found in the ocean is being tested to see if swimmers have a chance of developing Hepatitis or AIDS. Other waste has been known to cause viral and bacterial diseases.
1.http://library.thinkquest.org/CR0215471/ocean_pollution.htm
IV. Ways of prevention of water pollution
A.Boating pollution prevention tips
1.http://library.thinkquest.org/CR0215471/ocean_pollution.htm
B.diary tips to conserve water
1.http://www.epa.gov/reg5rcra/wptdiv/p2pages/water.pdf
2.http://www.water-pollution.org.uk/preventingyou.html
V. The treatment for polluted water.
A. One of the most important ways to disinfect contaminated water is the industrial processing, where it passes through 3-phase process to remove toxic waste
1. http://www.water-pollution.org.uk/industrialtreatment.html%202.
FEASIBILITY: We think it’s a good topic, because we were able to find a lot of information on the Internet, newspapers, books and also with professional people.
uvm.cinthiaroman@gmail.com uvm.ileanaflores@gmail.com uvm.juanpablo@gmail.com
I. Introduction
A. Background
B. There are many kinds of pollution; water pollution is the most important.
I. Causes of water pollution
A. The oil spill is one of the most dangerous because it kills thousands of marine life, and even has effects on the environment.
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_spill
2. http://www.water-pollution.org.uk/oilpollution.html
B. The sewage disposal and the waste water are other causes of pollution, the farms, the houses, everything pollutes water this go through the lakes and pollutes the marine life.
1. http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/publichealth/environment/water/wastewater.asp
2. http://www.water-pollution.org.uk/sewageandwastewater.html%20C.%201.%202.
II. Water Pollution Categories.
A. Point Source Pollution.
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pollution
B. Non-point source Pollution.
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pollution
III. Water with toxic wastes cause problems in human beings because it is diary needed.
A. Lead can cause many health problems. It can damage the brain, kidneys, and reproductive system. Lead can also cause birth defects for people. It has been shown to cause low IQ scores, slow growth, and hearing problems for small children. 1.http://library.thinkquest.org/CR0215471/ocean_pollution.htm
B.Many things found in the ocean may cause seafood to be dangerous to human health. The effect on humans from contaminated seafood may include birth defects and nervous system damage. Medical waste found in the ocean is being tested to see if swimmers have a chance of developing Hepatitis or AIDS. Other waste has been known to cause viral and bacterial diseases.
1.http://library.thinkquest.org/CR0215471/ocean_pollution.htm
IV. Ways of prevention of water pollution
A.Boating pollution prevention tips
1.http://library.thinkquest.org/CR0215471/ocean_pollution.htm
B.diary tips to conserve water
1.http://www.epa.gov/reg5rcra/wptdiv/p2pages/water.pdf
2.http://www.water-pollution.org.uk/preventingyou.html
V. The treatment for polluted water.
A. One of the most important ways to disinfect contaminated water is the industrial processing, where it passes through 3-phase process to remove toxic waste
1. http://www.water-pollution.org.uk/industrialtreatment.html%202.
FEASIBILITY: We think it’s a good topic, because we were able to find a lot of information on the Internet, newspapers, books and also with professional people.
uvm.cinthiaroman@gmail.com uvm.ileanaflores@gmail.com uvm.juanpablo@gmail.com
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